FX.co ★ Traders economic calendar. International economic events

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the TWD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the TWD.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

FX Reserves measures the foreign assets held or controlled by the country's central bank. The reserves are made of gold or a specific currency. They can also be special drawing rights and marketable securities denominated in foreign currencies like treasury bills, government bonds, corporate bonds and equities and foreign currency loans.

A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the TWD, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The Foreign Reserves (USD) is an economic calendar event in Hong Kong. It measures the total value of foreign currency reserves held by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA). These reserves ensure liquidity in the financial market and act as a safeguard against any potential shortfalls in foreign exchange.

A higher amount of foreign reserves indicates a stronger position for Hong Kong's central bank to support their currency and maintain stability in the foreign exchange market. This data is typically released monthly, and can provide insight into the overall health and stability of Hong Kong's economy and financial system.

Italian Retail Sales measures the change in the total value of sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

FX Reserves measures the foreign assets held or controlled by the country's central bank. The reserves are made of gold or a specific currency. They can also be special drawing rights and marketable securities denominated in foreign currencies like treasury bills, government bonds, corporate bonds and equities and foreign currency loans.

A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the PHP, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a key economic indicator for Greece. It measures the market value of all goods and services produced within the country during a specific period, typically quarterly and annually. This fundamental event on the economic calendar represents the overall health and growth of the Greek economy, with a higher GDP indicating a flourishing economy, while a lower GDP signifies a potential recession.

Analysts, investors, and policymaker's worldwide monitor Greece's GDP closely because it is an essential gauge of economic activity and strength. The GDP data release on the economic calendar is often used to make reliable predictions about future economic trends, and it also serves as a basis for comparing the Greek economy with other countries. This comparison helps to identify the nation's global competitiveness and influence in terms of trade, investments, and business opportunities.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The unemployment rate represents the number of unemployed persons expressed as apercentage of the labour force. The unemployment rate for a particular age/sex group is the number of unemployed in that group expressed as a percentage of thelabour force for that group.

Employment Change measures the change in the number of people employed. Job creation is an important indicator of consumer spending.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Employment Change figure measure the change in employment in the whole Eurozone economy. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the EUR, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The Employment Overall event in the Euro Zone economic calendar is closely monitored by market participants, as it provides valuable insight into the labor market's health within the Euro Zone. This event measures the total number of employed individuals within the area's member countries and serves as a key indicator of economic strength and growth.

An increase in employment levels often correlates with higher consumer spending and increased demand for goods and services, which can positively impact the Euro Zone economy. Conversely, a decrease in employment levels can signal a weaker economic environment, possibly leading to lower consumer confidence and reduced spending. Therefore, the Employment Overall event helps investors and policymakers make informed decisions based on the Euro Zone's labor market performance.

Employment data is usually released on a quarterly basis, showing the change in total employment from the previous quarter as well as any revisions of previous figures, if applicable. The markets typically react to the data's release in terms of its impact on the euro currency and European stock markets.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health. A stronger than expected number should be taken as positive for the EUR and a lower than expected number as negative to the EUR.

The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of change in the general level of prices of goods and services bought by households over a specified period of time. It compares a household's cost for a specific basket of finished goods and services with the cost of the same basket during an earlier benchmark period. The consumer price index is used as a measurement of and is a key economic figure. Likely impact: 1) Interest Rates: Larger-than-expected quarterly increase in price inflation or increasing trend is considered inflationary; this will cause bond prices to drop and yields and interest rates to rise. 2) Stock Prices: Higher than expected price inflation is bearish on the stock market as higher inflation will lead to higher interest rates. 3) Exchange Rates: High inflation has an uncertain effect. It would lead to depreciation as higher prices mean lower competitiveness. Conversely, higher inflation causes higher interest rates and a tighter monetary policy that leads to an appreciation.

The Mortgage Rate (GBP) is an economic calendar event for the United Kingdom that represents the average interest rate charged on mortgages by leading banks and financial institutions. This rate influences the borrowing costs for homebuyers, as well as the overall health of the housing market and the economy.

A lower mortgage rate typically indicates more affordable borrowing costs for homebuyers, potentially leading to increased demand for housing and positive impacts on the real estate market. Conversely, a higher mortgage rate may result in reduced demand for housing and a slowdown in the real estate market, affecting the overall economy.

Investors and market participants closely monitor the Mortgage Rate (GBP) as it provides insights into the UK's economic health and potential future trends in the housing market. This rate also influences consumer spending, as a lower mortgage rate may free up disposable income for other purchases, whereas a higher rate may lead to reduced spending and economic growth.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the INR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the INR.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

International reserves are used to settle balance of payments deficits between countries. International reserves are made up of foreign currency assets, gold, holdings of SDRs and reserve position in the IMF. Usually includes foreign currencies themselves, other assets denominated in foreign currencies, and particular amount of special drawing rights (SDRs). A foreign exchange reserve is a useful precaution for countries exposed to financial crises. It can be used for the purpose of intervening in the exchange market to influence or peg the exchange rate. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the INR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the INR.

Bank Loan Growth measures the change in the total value of outstanding bank loans issued to consumers and businesses. Borrowing and spending are closely correlated with consumer confidence. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the INR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the INR.

Deposit Growth is an important economic calendar event in India that reflects the percentage change in the total value of deposits held by various institutions, such as commercial banks, credit unions, and thrifts over a specific period. The growth in deposits indicates an increase in investment, potential savings, and liquidity in the market, which are crucial factors for a stable and growing economy.

Higher deposit growth often signals increased consumer confidence and a positive outlook on the economy, while slower growth may point towards a weaker economic environment or uncertainties. Policymakers, investors, and financial institutions closely monitor deposit growth rates to make informed decisions related to monetary policies and investment strategies.

Total of a country's gold holdings and convertible foreign currencies held in its central bank. Usually includes foreign currencies themselves, other assets denominated in foreign currencies, and particular amount of special drawing rights (SDRs).A foreign exchange reserve is a useful precaution for countries exposed to financial crises. It can be used for the purpose of intervening in the exchange market to influence or peg the exchange rate.

The consumer confidence index is based on interviews with consumers about their perceptions of the country's current and future economic situation and their tendencies to purchase. The performance of the economy of a country is reflected in macro-economic variables, such as the gross national product, external debt, interest rates, foreign exchange rates, imports, exports, stock market prices, inflation rates, real wages, unemployment rate, and so on. The state of the economy is also reflected in the micro-behavior of the consumers. The attitudes and behaviors of individual consumers affect the performance of the economy. For example, if they believe that the economy is heading in a certain direction, then they would make their savings or spending plans according.

Consumer Confidence measures the level of consumer confidence in economic activity. It is a leading indicator as it can predict consumer spending, which plays a major role in overall economic activity. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the MXN , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the MXN.

 Foreign Exchange Reserves are the foreign assets held or controlled by the country central bank. The reserves are made of gold or a specific currency. They can also be special drawing rights and marketable securities denominated in foreign currencies like treasury bills, government bonds, corporate bonds and equities and foreign currency loans. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the PLN while a lower than expected number as negative

Average Hourly Earnings measures the change in the price businesses pay for labor, not including the agricultural sector.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

Average Hourly Earnings is an important economic indicator that measures the change in the wages paid to employees in the United States. This data is closely monitored by investors, financial markets, and policymakers as it helps in understanding the overall health of the labor market and its potential impact on consumer spending.

High wage growth is usually seen as a sign of a strong economy, as it can lead to increased consumer confidence and spending, which in turn drives economic growth. On the other hand, low or declining wage growth can be a worrisome signal for the markets and may lead to reduced consumer spending and weaker economic conditions.

In addition to its impact on spending, Average Hourly Earnings is also significant for its potential implications on inflation trends, as higher wages can lead to increased production costs and eventually higher prices for goods and services. The data also plays a key role in the decision-making process of central banks when setting their monetary policies.

Average Weekly Hours (also known as Average Workweek) measures the average number of hours worked by employees on non-farm payrolls.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

In a company, payroll is the sum of all financial records of salaries for an employee, wages, bonuses and deductions. In accounting, payroll refers to the amount paid to employees for services they provided during a certain period of time. Payroll plays a major role in a company for several reasons. From an accounting point of view, payroll is crucial because payroll and payroll taxes considerably affect the net income of most companies and they are subject to laws and regulations (e.g. in the US payroll is subject to federal and state regulations). From an ethics in business viewpoint payroll is a critical department as employees are responsive to payroll errors and irregularities: good employee morale requires payroll to be paid timely and accurately. The primary mission of the payroll department is to ensure that all employees are paid accurately and timely with the correct withholdings and deductions, and to ensure the withholdings and deductions are remitted in a timely manner. This includes salary payments, tax withholdings, and deductions from a paycheck.

Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included. Government employment covers only civilian employees; military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency also are excluded. Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid holiday, on paid vacation, or work during a part of the pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on leave without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who were hired but have not yet reported during the period.

Nonfarm Payrolls measures the change in the number of people employed during the previous month, excluding the farming industry. Job creation is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The participation rate is an important indicator of the supply of labor. It measures the share of the working-age population either working or looking for work. The number of people who are no longer actively searching for work would not be included in the participation rate.

A reading that is stronger than forecast is generally supportive (bullish) for the USD, while a weaker than forecast reading is generally negative (bearish) for the USD.

Private Nonfarm Payrolls measures the change in the number of total number of paid U.S. workers of any business, excluding general government employees, private household employees, employees of nonprofit organizations that provide assistance to individuals and farm employees.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

Percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the previous month. The figure also includes all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force.

The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the previous month.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD.

Average Weekly Hours (also known as Average Workweek) measures the average number of hours worked by employees

Employment Change measures the change in the number of people employed. Job creation is an important indicator of consumer spending.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

Full Employment Change is the change in employment of full-time employees. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive for the CAD, while a lower than expected number is viewed as negative.

Part Time Employment Change is the change in employment of part-time employees. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the AUD, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The participation rate is the percentage of the total number of people of labour-force age (15 years and over) that is in the labour force (either working or looking for work). The data provided by Statistics Canada is monthly and deseasonalized; this eliminates the impact of seasonal variations and makes it possible to compare data throughout the year. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the previous month.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD.

The Bank of England's (BoE) Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) Member Dhingra Speaks event is a public engagement where a key representative from the UK central bank addresses monetary policy issues, economic outlook, and other financial topics. In this case, Dr. Silvana Tenreyro, a distinguished economist and policy expert, shares her insights and opinions on the economy.

As an MPC member, Dr. Tenreyro plays a vital role in deciding the UK's interest rates, quantitative easing measures, and other monetary policies. During these speaking engagements, investors, economists, and analysts pay close attention to her comments, as they offer valuable insights into the committee's thinking and potential policy shifts. Thus, her remarks can influence market sentiment, exchange rates, and other financial instruments.

The Ivey Purchasing Managers Index is jointly sponsored by the Purchasing Management Association of Canada (PMAC) and the Richard Ivey School of Business. The Ivey Purchasing Managers Index measures month to month changes in dollars of purchases as indicated by a panel of purchasing managers from across Canada. The 175 participants in this survey have been carefully selected geographically and by sector of activity to match the Canadian economy as a whole. The index includes both the public and private sectors. Index panel members indicate whether their organizations activity is higher than the same as, or lower than the previous month across the following five categories: purchases, employment, inventories, supplier deliveries and prices.

The Ivey Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in Canada. A reading above 50 indicates expansion; a reading below 50 indicates contraction. The index is a joint project of the Purchasing Management Association of Canada and the Richard Ivey School of Business. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

Official reserve assets comprises foreign currency reserves, IMF reserve position, SDRs and gold. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the JPY, while a lower than expected number as negative.

Industry is a basic category of business activity. Firms in the same industry are on the same side of the market, produce goods which are close substitutes and compete for the same customers. For statistical purposes, industries are categorized following a uniform classification code such as Standard Industrial Classification (SIC). Changes in the volume of the physical output of the nation's factories, mines and utilities are measured by the index of industrial production. The figure is calculated as a weighted aggregate of goods and reported in headlines as a percent change from previous months. It is often adjusted by season or weather conditions and thus volatile. However, it is used as a leading indicator and helps in forecasting GDP changes. Rising industrial production figures signify increasing economic growth and can positively influence the sentiment towards local currency. Total vehicles is comprised of cars, light commercials, trucks, buses and tractors.