FX.co ★ Traders economic calendar. International economic events

The interest rate at which the private (sector) banks borrow rands from the SA Reserve Bank A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the ZAR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the ZAR.

Prime overdraft rate (predominant rate) is th benchmark rate at which private banks lend out to the public.

The Industrial Product Price Index (IPPI) measures the change in the price of domestically produced goods sold by manufacturers.

>A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

The Industrial Product Price Index (IPPI) measures the change in the price of domestically produced goods sold by manufacturers.

>A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

The Raw Materials Price Index (RMPI) measures the change in the price of raw materials purchased by manufacturers. It is a leading indicator of consumer inflation, which accounts for a majority of overall inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

The Raw Materials Price Index reflects the prices paid by Canadian manufacturers for key raw materials. Unlike the industrial product price index, the RMPI includes goods that are not produced in Canada. The imapct on the CAD may go both ways.

Monetary aggregates, known also as "money supply", is the quantity of currency available within the economy to purchase goods and services. M3 is a broad monetary aggregate that includes all physical currency circulating in the economy (banknotes and coins), operational deposits in central bank, money in current accounts, saving accounts, money market deposits, certificates of deposit, all other deposits and repurchase agreements. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the INR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the INR.

This economic calendar event refers to a scheduled public appearance or speech by the former United States President Donald Trump. During his time in office from 2017 to 2021, Trump often addressed the nation and world on various topics, including economic matters, employment rates, trade agreements, and fiscal policies.

Market participants and investors pay close attention to these speeches, as they may provide insights into the administration's policy direction or reveal market-sensitive information. Changes in economic policies or the announcement of new initiatives can significantly impact financial markets, including stock markets, bond markets, and currency markets. The content and tone of the speech may lead to short-term volatility or long-term trends in financial markets, depending on the impact on investor sentiment and the perceived implications for economic growth, inflation, and interest rates.

The Redbook Index is a sales-weighted of year-over-year same-store sales growth in a sample of large US general merchandise retailers representing about 9,000 stores. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the USD, while a lower than expected number as negative.

Bank of England(BOE) Senior Deputy Governor (July 2016 - June 2021) Sam Woods is to speak. BOE Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) members are responsible for setting the benchmark interest rate and their speeches often contain indications on the future possible direction of monetary policy. His comments may determine a short-term positive or negative trend.

The Construction Spending index measures the change in the total amount spent on construction. The data is subject to large revisions and as such, this report rarely has any market impact.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The National Association of Realtors (NAR) Pending Home Sales Report measures the change in the number of homes under contract to be sold but still awaiting the closing transaction, excluding new construction.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The National Association of Realtors (NAR) Pending Home Sales Report measures the change in the number of homes under contract to be sold but still awaiting the closing transaction, excluding new construction. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the USD, while a lower than expected number as negative.

European Central Bank (ECB) President Christine Lagarde (November 2019 - October 2027) is to speak. As head of the ECB, which sets short term interest rates, she has a major influence over the value of the euro. Traders watch her speeches closely as they are often used to drop subtle hints regarding future monetary policy and interest rate shifts. Her comments may determine a short-term positive or negative trend.

The Atlanta Fed GDPNow is an economic event that provides a real-time estimate of the United States' gross domestic product (GDP) growth for the current quarter. It serves as a valuable indicator for analysts, policymakers, and economists looking to gauge the health of the American economy.

Created and maintained by the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, the GDPNow model utilizes a sophisticated algorithm that processes incoming data from official government sources. These sources include reports on manufacturing, trade, retail sales, housing, and other sectors, which allows the Atlanta Fed to update their GDP growth projections on a frequent basis.

As an essential benchmark for economic performance, the GDPNow forecast can significantly impact financial markets and influence investment decisions. Market participants often use the GDPNow forecast to adjust their expectations regarding monetary policies and various economic outcomes.

The indicator shows the amount of capital flows that is directed to the country by foreign investors. Capital flows are essential for developing and emerging markets. They contribute to enhancing investments and financing current account deficits. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the BRL , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the BRL.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the yield on the Treasury Bond auctioned. U.S. Treasury Bonds have maturities from ten up to 30 years. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital. The rate on a Treasury Bond represents the return an investor will receive by holding the bond for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid. Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

Deutsche Bundesbank President and voting member of the ECB Governing Council from Jan 2022. He's believed to be one of the most influential members of the council. ECB Governing Council members vote on where to set the Eurozone's key interest rates and their public engagements are often used to drop subtle clues regarding future monetary policy.

The Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INDEC) Economy Activity Index provides an early estimate for real gross domestic (GDP) performance in Argentina.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the ARS, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the ARS.

The American Petroleum Institute reports inventory levels of US crude oil, gasoline and distillates stocks. The figure shows how much oil and product is available in storage.The indicator gives an overview of US petroleum demand.

If the increase in crude inventories is more than expected, it implies weaker demand and is bearish for crude prices. The same can be said if a decline in inventories is less than expected.

If the increase in crude is less than expected, it implies greater demand and is bullish for crude prices. The same can be said if a decline in inventories is more than expected.

This release provide information on the number and value of electronic card transactions with New Zealand-based merchants. Data include transactions using debit (eftpos), credit, and charge cards. Transactions by overseas cardholders in New Zealand are included; transactions by New Zealand cardholders overseas are excluded. The figure gives hint of strength in the retail sector and influences interest rate decisions.

A reading that is stronger than forecast is generally supportive (bullish) for the NZD, while a weaker than forecast reading is generally negative (bearish) for the NZD.

This release provide information on the number and value of electronic card transactions with New Zealand-based merchants. Data include transactions using debit (eftpos), credit, and charge cards. Transactions by overseas cardholders in New Zealand are included; transactions by New Zealand cardholders overseas are excluded. The figure gives hint of strength in the retail sector and influences interest rate decisions.

A reading that is stronger than forecast is generally supportive (bullish) for the NZD, while a weaker than forecast reading is generally negative (bearish) for the NZD.

Tourism is a service based industry that applies to people o!G s traveling and staying in a place that is not their usual environment and for the purpose of leisure, not business. It includes such elements as accommodation, food and beverages, souvenirs, tours, transport but also relaxation, adventure, culture. Tourism can substantially impact economic development of both host countries and home countries of tourists. However, consequences can be both positive and negative. Benefits from tourism industry concern: income from tourists expenditures as well as imports and exports of goods and services, contributions to government revenues from taxes put on tourism businesses, stimulation of infrastructure investment and new employment opportunities. However, a country or region should not be dependent only on this one industry. The seasonal character of tourism causes problems such as insecurity of seasonal workers that concern.

Permanent and long-term arrivals include overseas migrants who arrive in New Zealand intending to stay for a period of 12 months or more (or permanently), plus New Zealand residents returning after an absence of 12 months or more.

Visitor Arrivals measures the change in the number of short-term overseas visitors to New Zealand. Tourism plays an important role in the economy with approximately 10% of the population employed by the tourism industry.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the NZD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the NZD.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the KRW, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the KRW.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the KRW, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the KRW.

 This Exports number provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis.. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the JPY, while a lower than expected number as negative

An import is any good or service brought into one country from another country in a legitimate fashion, typically for use in trade. Import goods or services are provided to domestic consumers by foreign producers. A lower than expected number should be taken as positive to the JPY while a higher than expected number as negative

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods and services over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY Anyways.

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods and services over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

Foreign Bonds Buying number measures the flow from the public sector excluding Bank of Japan. The Net data shows the difference of capital inflow and outflow. A positive difference indicates net sales of foreign securities by residents (capital inflow), and a negative difference indicates net purchases of foreign securities by residents (capital outflow). A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the JPY, while a lower than expected number as negative.

Balance of payments is a set of accounts recording all economic transactions between the residents of the country and the rest of the world in a given period of time, usually one year. Payments into the country are called credits, payments out of the country are called debits. There are three main components of a balance of payments: - current account - capital account - financial account Either a surplus or a deficit can be shown in any of these components. Balance of payments shows strenghts and weaknesses in a country's economy and therefore helps to achieve balanced economic growth. The release of a balance of payments can have a significant effect on the exchange rate of a national currency against other currencies. It is also important to investors of domestic companies that depend on exports. Securities investment, contract basis. Securities investment refers to flows from the public sector excluding Bank of Japan. Bonds include beneficiary certificates but exclude all bills. The Net data shows the difference of capital inflow and outflow.

The Westpac/Melbourne Institute (MI) Leading Index is a composite index based on nine economic indicators, which is designed to predict the direction of the economy.The data is compiled from economic indicators related to consumer confidence, housing, stock market prices, money supply, and interest rate spreads. The report tends to have a muted impact because most of the indicators used in the calculation are released previously.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD.

Employment Change measures the change in the number of people employed. Job creation is an important indicator of consumer spending.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD.

Full employment describes a situation in which all available labor resources are being used in the most economically efficient way. Economists usually define it as the acceptable level of unemployment above 0%. This means that the unemployment rate is frictional and results from workers who are in between jobs and are still part of the labor force.

A reading that is stronger than forecast is generally supportive (bullish) for the AUD, while a weaker than forecast reading is generally negative (bearish) for the AUD.

The participation rate is an important indicator of the supply of labour. It measures the share of the working-age population either working or looking for work. The number of people who are no longer actively searching for work would not be included in the participation rate.

A reading that is stronger than forecast is generally supportive (bullish) for the AUD, while a weaker than forecast reading is generally negative (bearish) for the AUD.

The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the previous month.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD.

Monetary aggregates, known also as "money supply", is the quantity of currency available within the economy to purchase goods and services. Depending on the degree of liquidity chosen to define an asset as money, various monetary aggregates are distinguished: M0, M1, M2, M3, M4, etc. Not all of them are used by every country. Note that methodology of calculating money supply varies between countries. M2 is a monetary aggregate that includes all physical currency circulating in the economy (banknotes and coins), operational deposits in central bank, money in current accounts, saving accounts, money market deposits and small certificates of deposit. Excess money supply growth potentially can cause inflation and generate fears that the government may tighten money growth by allowing the interest rates to rise which in turn, lowers future prices. M2 = Currency in circulation + demand deposits (private sector) + time and savings deposits (private sector).

Consumer Confidence measures the level of consumer confidence in economic activity. It is a leading indicator as it can predict consumer spending, which plays a major role in overall economic activity. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The public sector consists of central government, local authorities and public corporations. The net cash requirement measures the public sectors need to raisecash trough selling debt or running down its liquid financial assets. The publicsector net cash requirement equals the central government net cash requirement (including borrowing from the market for on-lending to local authorities and public corporations) plus local authorities contributions. I.e. their market andoverseas borrowing, measured net of their purchases of other public sector debt.

Consumer Confidence measures the level of consumer confidence in economic activity. It is a leading indicator as it can predict consumer spending, which plays a major role in overall economic activity. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the DKK , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the DKK.

The Monetary Policy Committee votes on where to set the overnight interest rate. Traders watch interest rate changes closely as short term interest rates are the primary factor in currency valuation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the MYR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the MYR.

LFS- Labour Force Survey. Three-months moving average. Employed persons are persons aged 16-74 who performed work for pay or profit for at least one hour in the survey week, or who were temporarily absent from work because of illness,holidays etc. Conscripts are classified as employed persons. Persons engaged by government measures to promote employment are also included if they receive wages. Unemployed persons are persons who were not employed in the survey week,but who had been seeking work during the preceding four weeks, and were available for work within the next two weeks. Persons in the labour force are either employed or unemployed. The remaining group of persons is labelled not in the labour force. Unemployed persons and persons not in the labour force constitute the group non-employed persons. A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the NOK , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the NOK.

Capacity utilization is a concept in economics and managerial accounting which refers to the extent to which an enterprise or a nation actually uses its installed productive capacity. Thus, it refers to the relationship between actual output that 'is' actually produced with the installed equipment, and the potential output which 'could' be produced with it, if capacity was fully used. A rull of thumb is, when capacity utilization is stable above 80%, in most cases rates will start going up. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the TRY while a lower than expected number as negative

Confidence indicator is a measure of the mood of consumers or businesses. It is usually based on a survey during which respondents rate their opinion on different issues concerning current and future conditions. There are many kinds of confidence indicators as institutions measuring them use different questions,sizes of samples or frequency of publications. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the TRY , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the TRY.

Confidence indicator is a measure of the mood of consumers or businesses. It is usually based on a survey during which respondents rate their opinion on different issues concerning current and future conditions. There are many kinds of confidence indicators as institutions measuring them use different questions,sizes of samples or frequency of publications. Consumers opinions are typically expressed with answers like: better, same,worse or positive, negative and unchanged. Results of such surveys are calculated by subtracting the negative replies from the positive ones. Business confidence indicator is closely linked to corporate spending and correlated with employment, consumption and investment. Therefore it is carefully watched as an indication of possible changes in the overall economic growth. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the TRY , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the TRY.