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China Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) provides an early indication each month of economic activities in the Chinese manufacturing sector.It is compiled by China Federation of Logistics & Purchasing (CFLP) and China Logistics Information Centre (CLIC), based on data collected by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).Li & Fung Research Centre is responsible for drafting and disseminating the English PMI report. Every month questionnaires are sent to over 700 manufacturing enterprises all over China. The data presented here is compiled from the enterprises responses about their purchasing activities and supply situations. The PMI should be compared to other economic data sources when used in decision-making. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

China Non-Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) provides an early indication each month of economic activities in the Chinese Non-manufacturing sector.It is compiled by China Federation of Logistics & Purchasing (CFLP) and China Logistics Information Centre (CLIC), based on data collected by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).Li & Fung Research Centre is responsible for drafting and disseminating the English PMI report. Every month questionnaires are sent to over 700 Non-manufacturing enterprises all over China. The data presented here is compiled from the enterprises responses about their purchasing activities and supply situations. The PMI should be compared to other economic data sources when used in decision-making. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

The S&P Global Manufacturing PMI is a monthly survey-based indicator that measures the performance of Australia’s manufacturing sector. It is derived from responses of purchasing managers on production, new orders, employment, supplier delivery times, and inventories.

A reading above 50 indicates expansion in manufacturing activity, while a reading below 50 signals contraction. Because it is timely and forward-looking, the index is closely watched by markets and policymakers as an early gauge of industrial conditions, business confidence, and potential shifts in economic growth and inflation pressures in Australia.

Capital Spending measures the change in the overall value of capital investment made by companies. It is a leading indicator of business conditions and economic health. The number measures the change from the reported quarter to the same quarter a year earlier.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

Exports of goods and services consist of transactions in goods and services (sales, barter, gifts or grants) from residents to non-residents. Exports free on board (f.o.b.) and imports cost insurance freight (c.i.f.) are, in general, customs statistics reported under the general trade statistics according to the recommendations of the UN International Trade Statistics.

A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the KRW, while a lower than expected number as negative.

Exports free on board (f.o.b.) and Imports cost insurance freight (c.i.f.) are, in general, customs statistics reported under the general trade statistics according to the recommendations of the UN International Trade Statistics. For some countries Imports are reported as f.o.b. instead of c.i.f. which is generally accepted. When reporting Imports as f.o.b. you will have the effect of reducing the value of Imports by the amount of the cost of insurance and freight.

A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the KRW, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods and services over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the KRW, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the KRW.

The PMI index measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the KRW , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the KRW.

The S&P Global Manufacturing PMI for Japan is an important economic indicator that provides insight into the health and performance of the manufacturing sector. It is based on monthly surveys of purchasing managers in the manufacturing industry and covers metrics such as new orders, output, employment, suppliers' delivery times, and stocks of purchases. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector, while a reading below 50 signals contraction. This index is closely watched by economists, analysts, and investors as it provides early signals about business conditions and potential shifts in Japan's economic activity. Changes in this PMI can influence government policy and financial markets, making it a crucial tool for assessing the manufacturing sector’s contribution to the overall economy.

The PMI index measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the PHP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the PHP.

The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below 50 indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the TWD while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the TWD.

The PMI index measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the VND , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the VND.

Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell (Feb. 2018 – Feb. 2026) is to speak. As head of the Fed, which controls short term interest rates, he has more influence over the U.S. dollar's value than any other person. Traders closely watch his speeches as they are often used to drop hints regarding future monetary policy.

The Melbourne Institute (MI) Inflation Gauge measures the change in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers. The data is designed to mimic the quarterly government-released CPI data.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD.

The Australia and New Zealand Banking Group (ANZ) Job Advertisements report measures the change in the number of jobs advertised in the major daily newspapers and websites covering the capital cities. This report tends to have a greater impact when it is released ahead of government employment data.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD.

The RatingDog Manufacturing PMI is a composite index that measures the operating conditions of China’s manufacturing sector, based on a survey of purchasing managers. It typically covers new orders, output, employment, suppliers’ delivery times, and inventory levels.

A reading above 50 indicates an expansion in manufacturing activity compared with the previous period, while a reading below 50 signals contraction. Because manufacturing is a key driver of China’s growth and trade, this PMI is closely watched as a timely indicator of industrial momentum, business confidence, and broader economic trends.

The HSBC India Manufacturing PMI (Purchasing Managers' Index) is an indicator of the economic health of the manufacturing sector in India. It is compiled from responses to monthly questionnaires sent to purchasing managers in a panel of around 400 manufacturers. The PMI is a composite index based on five key indicators: new orders, output, employment, suppliers' delivery times, and stock of purchases. A PMI above 50 indicates an expansion in the manufacturing sector, while a reading below 50 suggests contraction. It is a crucial forward-looking economic indicator that provides insights into business conditions in the manufacturing sector. Investors, business leaders, and policymakers closely monitor the PMI to gauge the economic growth trajectory and make informed decisions.

Construction Orders number checks with 50 representative construction companies in Japan as subjects, the survey uses mail questionnaires to collect the information. The survey data are used to tabulate: amount of orders received (separately for investors and construction type); completed work amount in a month; amount of unfinished construction at the end of the month; and remaining orders received in terms of the number of months. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the JPY, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The Nationwide Housing Price Index (HPI) measures the change in the selling price of homes with mortgages backed by Nationwide. It is the U.K.'s second earliest report on housing inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

The Nationwide House price index is a statistic designed to reflect the average change of house prices across the country . This survey is preformed by Nationwide Housing society, UK's second largest mortgage provider, Nationwide bases its index on its own mortgage approvals. Unlike Halifax, however, it covers only 10% of the mortgage market. Nationwide only takes into account owner occupied properties and houses sold at "true market prices", i.e. no council estate sales etc. Nationwide has been publishing quarterly property price reports since 1952, and monthly indices since 1993. Like the Halifax, this is a volume-weighted index of typically transacted house prices. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the GBP while a lower than expected number as negative.

German Retail Sales measures the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level, excluding automobiles and gas stations. It is the primary indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

German Retail Sales measures the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level, excluding automobiles and gas stations. It is the primary indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

M3 Money Supply measures the change in the total quantity of domestic currency in circulation and deposited in banks. An increasing supply of money leads to additional spending, which in turn leads to inflation.

The Russian HSBC Manufacturing PMI is a composite indicator designed to provide an overall view of activity in the manufacturing sector and acts as an leading indicator for the whole economy. When the PMI is below 50.0 this indicates that the manufacturing economy is declining and a value above 50.0 indicates an expansion of the manufacturing economy.

Flash figures are released approximately 6 business days prior to the end of the month. Final figures overwrite the flash figures upon release and are in turn overwritten as the next Flash is available.

The HSBC Manufacturing PMI is concluded from a monthly survey of hundreds of purchasing managers, which asks respondents to rate the relative level of business conditions including employment, production, new orders, prices, supplier deliveries, and inventories.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the RUB , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the RUB.

GDP measures summary value of goods and services generated in a relevant country or region. A region's gross domestic product, or GDP, is one of the ways for measuring the size of its economy. Production approach - The sum of the value added created through the production of goods and services within the economy. Calculation: GDP using the production approach is derived as the sum of gross value added for each industry plus taxes less subsidies on products. Value added is the newly created value in the production process. It is calculated as the value of output less the value of intermediate consumption. Market influence of GDP Unexpectedly high quarterly GDP growth is perceived to be potentially inflationary if the economy is close to full capacity; this, in turn, causes bond prices to drop and yields and interest rates to rise. Where the stock market is concerned on one side higher than expected growth leads to higher profits and that's good for the stock market.

The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below 50 indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SEK , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SEK.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CHF, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CHF.

Commodity Prices measures the change in the selling price of exported commodities. The commodity sector accounts for over half of Australia's export income.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD.

Purchasing managers are asked a series of questions that measure whether business conditions have improved, deteriorated or remained unchanged from the previous month.results are calculated as diffusion indices. These are calculated as the percentage of respondents indicating an improvement, plus an addition of half the percentage of respondents indicating no change. Diffusion indices differ from percentage balances in that they do not effectively exclude the findings of those who reported no change. An index reading of 100 indicates that all informants expect an increase and a score of zero indicates that all informants expect a decrease. A score of 50 shows that informants are either equally divided between those expecting an increase and those expecting a decrease or that all respondents report no change in activity in comparison with theprevious month.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the TRY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the TRY.

The Istanbul Chamber of Industry Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) is a key indicator of the economic health of Turkey's manufacturing sector. It is derived from monthly surveys of purchasing managers at approximately 450 manufacturing companies. A PMI reading above 50 indicates an expansion in the manufacturing sector, while a reading below 50 suggests contraction. The index offers insights into various factors including output, new orders, employment, supplier delivery times, and inventory levels.

As a forward-looking indicator, the Istanbul Chamber of Industry Manufacturing PMI can provide valuable insights into business conditions and potential future economic activity in Turkey. It is watched by investors, policymakers, and analysts to gauge the economic environment and to make informed decisions regarding investments, economic policy, and strategy.

The PMI is a composite index based on the diffusion indexes for the following five indicators, with varying judgmental weights applied: new orders - 30 percent; production - 25 percent, employment - 20 percent, supplier deliveries - 15 percent and inventories - 10 percent. Diffusion indexes are convenient summary measures showing the prevailing direction of change and the scope of change. They fluctuate from 0-100%. For any of the business survey indicators, an index reading of 50% indicates no change in the aggregate series being measured, because an equal number of committee members reported increases and decreases. An index reading above 50% indicates that the economy, or that indicator of the economy, is generally expanding and below 50%, generally declining. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the HUF , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the HUF.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CHF, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CHF.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy''s health. A stronger than expected number should be taken as positive for the CHF and a lower than expected number as negative to the CHF.

The Spanish Manufacturing PMI is a composite indicator designed to provide an overall view of activity in the manufacturing sector and acts as an leading indicator for the whole economy. When PMI is below 50.0 this indicates that the manufacturing economy is declining and a value above 50.0 indicates an expansion of the manufacturing economy. The individual survey indexes have been seasonally adjusted using the US Bureau of Census X-11 program. The seasonally adjusted series are then used to calculate the seasonally adjusted PMI. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

procure.ch Purchasing Manager's Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; a reading below 50 indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CHF, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CHF.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the PLN, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the PLN.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy''s health. A stronger than expected number should be taken as positive for the PLN and a lower than expected number as negative to the PLN.

The Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; a reading below 50 indicates contraction. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Italian Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The French Manufacturing Purchasing Manager's Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; a reading below 50 indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The German Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

M3 Money Supply measures the change in the total quantity of domestic currency in circulation and deposited in banks. An increasing supply of money leads to additional spending, which in turn leads to inflation.

Private Loans measures the change in the total value of new loans issued to non financial corporations. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR,while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Unemployment is the total number of all persons above a specified age, who in a short reference period were: not employed, available for work (either for paid work or for self employment) and were seeking work (were actively searching for employment or taking active steps towards self-employment).The definition for anunemployed person is: Persons (16-65 years) who were available for work (except for temporary illness) but did not work during the survey week, and who made specific efforts to find a job within the previous 4 weeks by going to an employment agency, by applying directly to an employer, by answering a job ad, or being on a union or professional register.

The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the previous quarter. A higher than expected reading should be taken as negitive/bearish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR.

Foreign trade statistics include imports, imports with waiver and exports. Import figures include all direct imports to the country for domestic consumption also goods entering the customs area for temporary admission transit transhipment or to be stored in a bonded warehouse and then offered to the domestic market after modification of their import status Exports include goods produced domestically. Foreign trade statistics exclude export and import data obtained from duty-free zones and duty-free shops. Items not considered as exports include; -Border and coastal trade -Transit and re-export trade -Exports with waiver -Temporary exports, -Goods returned to their place of origin and -Exports of imports with waiver by temporary admission or by temporary exemption.